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The Didache is an early collection of the teachings of Jesus, aimed at making disciples. This week's episode will explore what the Didachist--the author of the Didache--taught about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We explore the ways in which the Didache portrays the relationship between God and Jesus, as well as the meaning of the baptismal reference from the end of Matthew.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hCuuj9uzTUv9fE6ko6KywDS75VpbDfGMebvk94rEtqY/edit?usp=sharing             
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Clement of Rome is a very important witness to the character of early Christianity, particularly because he is the earliest extrabiblical Christian author whose writings have survived. What did Clement of Rome believe and teach about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? This episode combs the Greek text of 1 Clement in order to provide answers to these very important questions. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FeXIrQJgRH3dgR13vzCNM3PZjvk39Flrv1OGOOtBf4E/edit?usp=sharing            
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Most translations describe the Lamb of God as the "Root of David" in the Book of Revelation. A root, however, is something that comes before the tree. Does the title "Root of David" prove that Jesus preexisted David? This episode explores this overlooked title and attempts to make sense of what John the Revelator intended to convey to his original audience. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ipy6FKttDKE2IEF8A0VFs97GFiCONXKK0eN9LD3We7g/edit?usp=sharing           
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Did Jesus have to be Yahweh, the God of Israel, in order for his death to completely deal with the sins of all humanity? Many have been led to believe so, but what does the New Testament teach? This episode explores the intersection of christology and atonement taught by eight different authors of the New Testament to determine if only God could atone for the transgressions of the human race on the cross.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FjUQPsRTWrwvHKl-qClOvgAxunPAK6CANV6OPI0g31w/edit?usp=sharing          
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Is the figure described as "Son of Man" in the extra-biblical book of 1 Enoch the same Son of Man we read about in the New Testament gospels? This episode explores 1 Enoch and its portrayal of the "Son of Man" to ascertain its relation to Jesus' favorite title.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D9zBQIKrTLSVysJQ0lALJQjEele_lvTiBziB_SHkGWw/edit?usp=sharing         
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What truths about the birth of Jesus Christ are most commonly left out of nativity scenes, Christmas plays, and Advent sermons? This week's episode explores five important truths concerning the Son of God that pastors only interested in talking about the incarnation regularly ignore. Each of these biblical truths discussed in this episode is inconsistent with the doctrine of the literal preexistence of Jesus. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FenM4s-qU6d36n_wNouJT4YPP0AjaCgL__fl-93iutU/edit?usp=sharing        
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In this week's episode, we listen to the recent paper I presented on the origins of the doctrine of incarnation within the forms of Judaisms that predated Christianity. We carefully examine the Book of Proverbs, the deuterocanonical book of Sirach, the Qumran scroll labeled 1Q20, and the works of Philo, noting how each author illustrates God's personified wisdom as becoming flesh in the lives of noteworthy human beings. It is then demonstrated that the Prologue of the Gospel of John shows dependence upon this Jewish tradition by portraying the Logos--the conceptual synonym of Wisdom--as becoming flesh in the human Jesus. Since the wisdom of God was a personification and not a conscious female person, this collection of data argues against the literal preexistence of Jesus within the Prologue of the Gospel of John.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z1GRsGBroT2QukrWyA7yKHvQymaSCOTnIf2IlplFR_k/edit?usp=sharing       
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Were the opponents of 1 John Jews who gave up their confession of Jesus being the Jewish messiah, perhaps to rejoin the local synagogue? This week's episode explores this possibility. We look at the arguments in favor of the secessionists in 1 John being Jews as well as the arguments against this interpretation.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Nub7ZJcf1QInCdHJuUP7_skfnYyyf1uekq791ehP3PY/edit?usp=sharing       
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Was the significance of Jesus' humanity under attack by the opponents in 1 John? This episode looks at the arguments of two prominent scholars who make this case. We first look at Raymond Brown, who proposes a high christology that didn't value very much the assumed humanity of Jesus. We also hear the reconstruction of Urban Von Wahlde, who suggests that the opponents ignored the importance of the human Jesus' accomplishments because they possessed the (far more valuable) Spirit of God. After hearing these two reconstructions, we look at the weaknesses of their arguments in an attempt to evaluate their merits. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O1tqeRYsPW1QXYR64qkxtWzxVFtQ3G_WeeEJtewnodU/edit?usp=sharing     
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Is 1 John written to combat the heresies of Cerinthus, the heretic of the late first century CE? This week's episode examines the arguments in favor of 1 John being written against Cerinthus and his followers--those who taught that the human Jesus was a different person from the divine Christ who descended upon Jesus as his baptism, only to separate from him right before his death. After hearing the scholarly arguments favoring Cerinthian opponents of 1 John, we listen to the arguments against this historical reconstruction. Ultimately, you the listener can decide which side makes the most convincing case.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iJ0MGM5jv0wZzQn5SUpAbIryR42x3rOJPV1ePC3zxr0/edit?usp=sharing    
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Are the opponents of 1 John docetic Christians, namely, those who taught that Jesus only seemed to be a human being who suffered and died? This week's episode looks at the evidence in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as docetists. After defining the term and reading several examples of what believers in docetism taught, we listen to the critiques that some scholars have brought forth against interpreting the opponents as docetists. In the end, you the listener get to decide which side of the debate wins.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10Hgwj9r5F2e1IJPbRBFScdPLSZQtLstekr5BxYjiy1c/edit?usp=sharing   
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Were the secessionists in 1 John Gnostics? This episode looks at the arguments in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as adherents to Gnosticism. We also look at the arguments against identifying the opponents as Gnostics. In the end, you the listener can decide which side gives the most persuasive case.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OOKRkCGhkQvF02PXWJfB1_6BLhZ8UuDyaoX1OV1JsfE/edit?usp=sharing  
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What is the identity of the opponents mentioned in 1 John? Answer: we are not entirely sure. This week's episode introduces 1 John and the ways in which the author corrects the christology of the opponents. We discuss the three passages that scholars have pointed to in their attempts to determine the identity and beliefs of the opponents. We also briefly sketch out the various proposals for who the opponents might be. Lastly, we discuss how we will carry out our ongoing study of these opponents in the following episodes in our attempt to understand what 1 John has to say about Jesus, the Son of God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1F7tVNngMMcFDPf05Svhcfp6f_UP3_T1Zk0CDhPtG-pE/edit?usp=sharing 
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What is Gnosticism and who were the Gnostic Christians? While some listeners might have a vague idea of what beliefs define Gnostics, this episode dives deep into the problems with attempts to summarize their teachings. We focus on Ptolemy (student of Valentinus), Justin the Gnostic, and the Apocryphon of John. We also offer some alternative ways to characterize these varied Christian sects.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iMIYv1YIpLuPmr6Fx0m27ZUbQ5QhLzB1JRN6v5mfTks/edit?usp=sharing       
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Could human beings in Judaism and early Christianity say the phrase "I am he" and mean something other than "I am Yahweh, the only true God of Israel?" This episode explores ten human figures who said, in various languages, "I am he." In each instance, it is clear and self-evident that these speakers were making ordinary, casual, self-referential claims. Furthermore, there is no indication that others regarded these speakers as having committed blasphemy.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GE69Jl6irG-YGNIQKSqS0qjTzhJsCD0znNli3pU2h5M/edit?usp=sharing      
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