Episodes
Thursday Feb 03, 2022
210: Jesus’ Misunderstood Ascension (John 7)
Thursday Feb 03, 2022
Thursday Feb 03, 2022
This week, we explore the dialogue between Jesus and the Jews that results in a misunderstanding over where Jesus is going (to which he cannot be followed). The Jews seem to misunderstand Jesus on a geographic level as well as in regard to who sent Jesus. We look closely at the misunderstanding, attempt to make sense of what Jesus did in fact mean, and how his words and deeds result in proper Christology.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ddvWIXPmtQP-7tkHlmXibDiXTXnrQnVSuDgUUNX-Cj4/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 27, 2022
209: Eating Jesus’ Misunderstood Flesh in John 6
Thursday Jan 27, 2022
Thursday Jan 27, 2022
As we continue to explore the theme of misunderstanding in the Fourth Gospel, we come upon Jesus speaking about the need to eat his flesh. The grumbling Jews misunderstand Jesus by taking his words literally to the point of absurdity. However, Jesus was speaking about the feasting that takes place in the Eucharist meal where those who commune with the Son of Man are able to receive eternal life from the bread of life. In other words, Jesus' intended meaning has much to say about his own self-understanding of Christology and the sacrament of communion.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1alwY3XuzUEriTms_y5KbZKq-ZYL8c-AI22KkKNZhIKo/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 20, 2022
208: The Misunderstood Bread From Heaven in John 6
Thursday Jan 20, 2022
Thursday Jan 20, 2022
In another example of the Johannine theme of misunderstanding, Jesus claims to be the bread of life that has come down out of heaven. While the crowds are eager for this food, Jesus was actually pointing to himself as the locus of God's life, offered to those who believe. This episode explores the misunderstanding that took place, what Jesus meant with his statement, and how the self-designation fits into the narratives Wisdom Christology.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bCN2pFHLgstSsNW9ICdp1fQXJujXWvV26-lJRbsRE3Q/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 13, 2022
207: Jesus’ Misunderstood Food in John 4
Thursday Jan 13, 2022
Thursday Jan 13, 2022
Having previously discussed the difference between ordinary and spiritual water, Jesus defines his own food as obediently doing the will of Him who sent Jesus. This episode explores this exchange between Jesus and his disciples wherein a misunderstanding takes place regarding the proper meaning of Jesus' food. As Jesus clarifies the disciples' misunderstanding, he refers to himself as an empowered agent, sent to perform the will and works of the true God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dMVN3zlrbSY4z4lGo_p4UGZudV1KuXjl_AVX3zfw20U/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 06, 2022
206: The Samaritan Woman’s Misunderstanding in John 4
Thursday Jan 06, 2022
Thursday Jan 06, 2022
In this week's episode, we explore the exchange between Jesus and a woman from Samaria. Jesus' discussion about the gift of living water is misunderstood as a reference to ordinary water, but Jesus is pointing to the gift of the spirit of God as well as to his own unique role as God's messianic agent. We look closely at the misunderstanding offered by the Samaritan woman and her developing christological view of Jesus within John chapter 4.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fxiomhsHcFXoveCLotl2iwZ898ERmP-tVfuJlpTTyEE/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 30, 2021
205: Understanding Nicodemus’ Misunderstanding in John 3
Thursday Dec 30, 2021
Thursday Dec 30, 2021
This week’s episode will explore the dialogue between Jesus and Nicodemus in John chapter 3. We look at what it means to be "born again" (and discuss if that is actually the best translation for what Jesus meant). We place the words of Nicodemus into the outline of the theme of misunderstanding, figure out where he misheard Jesus, and what Jesus actually meant. Afterwards, we look further into the conversation to see what a correct comprehension of the theme of misunderstanding might help illuminate the difficult passage of John 3:13.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Jq1UClpY8aliJujtiMXkkLBokkHU0CojfnFnrK3KrnU/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 23, 2021
204: An Introduction to the Theme of Misunderstanding in the Gospel of John
Thursday Dec 23, 2021
Thursday Dec 23, 2021
In the Gospel of John, there is a narrative device that scholars call the theme of misunderstanding. This episode will introduce the theme, explain how it functions, talk about what scholars have to say about it, and examine it in a test case involving Jesus and the temple to be destroyed and raised.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/19McYR8AWfyQjmETlkPq4Vo-mM7Yy-nWv_bdEd6XQb44/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 16, 2021
203: More Arguments For God Being Only One Person
Thursday Dec 16, 2021
Thursday Dec 16, 2021
This episode continues the topic from the previous week, which sought to examine how the one true God is portrayed as a single person in passages of the New Testament that are not typically considered in these sorts of discussions. This episode will explore passages from 2 Corinthians to the Book of Revelation where God is portrayed by the biblical authors as a single self, one person.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w6tL2ASOn-9BwOyCOBdvL5q3TJhxTd-WAADJF7N97K0/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 09, 2021
202: An Untapped Argument For God Being Only One Person (Part 1 of 2)
Thursday Dec 09, 2021
Thursday Dec 09, 2021
In the Greek New Testament, there are many ways in which the true God is portrayed as a single person. While it is common to point to verses stressing God’s oneness and the Shema, there are other ways in which the Greek expresses this important truth. This week’s episode will begin to explore how independent pronouns–both reflective and intensive–are used to highlight the clear fact that God is only one person. We will also look at Greek verbs where God is the subject and the verb is used in the middle voice–indicating that God is doing the action himself–thus further stressing the fact that he is a single person.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a4nThc22bZXjp1LP8Whb-paDgAgQOM7nW5PpiOpN9So/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 02, 2021
201: An Appeal to Seek Truth
Thursday Dec 02, 2021
Thursday Dec 02, 2021
This episode offers reflections from four years of podcasting in the form of ten tips for exploring, seeking, teaching, and discerning truth as we aim to honor the one true God and his human son, Jesus Christ.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SYlQDV5HfRC9u68HhZmVb0Nd_Ww_cqyI6htEI-yZrpc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 25, 2021
200: Debate Closing Statements and Reflections
Thursday Nov 25, 2021
Thursday Nov 25, 2021
In our 200th episode, we listen to the closing statements from the recent debate on the Unitarian God in the Old Testament, I then bring on Brandon Duke to interview regarding the debate, the arguments therein, and whether there should be further debates in the future. If you would like to see the debate in its entirety, follow this link: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gdmS6_f01VMecx_PxYZmo7y9Lc5GGgjBnyF1sYcubzc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 18, 2021
199: Second Cross-Examination Reactions in the Recent OT Debate
Thursday Nov 18, 2021
Thursday Nov 18, 2021
In this episode, we listen to the second cross-examination portion of the recent debate entitled, "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?". I offer my hindsight reactions and perspectives on the ways in which Kelly Powers answered my questions, discuss what his answers say about the strength of his case, and offer my feelings about declaring a winner of the debate. You can watch the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4
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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ypNjKAaIPd8whJDL4VIEVNUtX0iUMSEGLt7lT92o68o/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 11, 2021
198: First Cross-Examination Reactions In the Recent OT Debate
Thursday Nov 11, 2021
Thursday Nov 11, 2021
This week's episode will focus on the first cross-examination portion of the recent debate "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?". I also offer some personal reactions to the answers revealed in the cross-examination as well as assess the strength of the opposition position. You can find the entire debate video here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4
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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C8SDeT_2Qd49qBjE1wdoPrkJEWk7IkECJZHaNTznVqM/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 04, 2021
197: Reacting to the Rebuttals In the Recent OT Debate
Thursday Nov 04, 2021
Thursday Nov 04, 2021
This episode explores the rebuttal phase of the recent debate entitled, "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?". I offer my insider strategies for preparing for a rebuttal as well as share my reactions to my opponent's attempt to rebut my opening statement. You can watch the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4
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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/119vYZ5mCfNRxx9ICzxekfgK_4vi4nQ_bWup-emqDNAY/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 28, 2021
196: Reflections and Opening Statements From the Recent OT Debate
Thursday Oct 28, 2021
Thursday Oct 28, 2021
This episode will feature the opening statements of my recent debate on the topic "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?" with Kelly Powers. I open by discussing my reasons for organizing my opening statement in the manner that I did, my overarching strategy, and a few of my observations. You can watch the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4
Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:
https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1agLilpCgdMUjSMDXTyyQWofeBbcKeklcg7mZrOWUytI/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 21, 2021
195: Jesus, The Human High Priest
Thursday Oct 21, 2021
Thursday Oct 21, 2021
The author of Hebrews offers a unique contribution to New Testament theology by portraying Jesus as the high priest. This episode explores the theology surrounding Jesus' high priesthood, looking at how the author of Hebrews understands this role and its wider purposes. We also discuss how Jesus came to inherit the position, the ways in which Jesus is qualified, how Jesus' priesthood is superior to Aaron's, and the ways Jesus' role relates to the God who installed Jesus in this new priesthood.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lt8XRp8yrv_vK5C6vakVwF92pZr_saVZGbXcnI-ftKc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 14, 2021
194: The Human Jesus in Hebrews Chapter 2
Thursday Oct 14, 2021
Thursday Oct 14, 2021
The latter part of Hebrew chapter 2 is one of the Bible's most persuasive and extended arguments for Jesus' humanity. The passage cites two quotations from the Old Testament in order to demonstrate that Jesus has human brothers and sisters. It argues that Jesus was likened to human beings in all things, including mortality, ability to be tempted, and possessing a faithful relationship with God. We also discuss translation issues with a passage that led many medieval interpreters to think that Jesus preexisted as the Son of God and eventually took upon himself human nature--a reading that has been completely abandoned by modern scholars.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBq9UWKCdYZOx4JMaqfSnBdAPCFT7Dwvx2oaAXKmG44/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 07, 2021
193: Interpreting the Number “One” Christologically in Hebrews 2:11
Thursday Oct 07, 2021
Thursday Oct 07, 2021
The grammatically ambiguous reference to the number one in Hebrews 2:11 opens the door for two competing interpretations, both with significant implications for Biblical Unitarians. Does the passage indicate that Jesus and the believers all derive from a single creator--the Father alone? Or did the author of Hebrews intend to portray Jesus as sharing the same humanity as believers? This episode will explore Hebrews 2:11 and its lesser-known ambiguous reference, drawing theological conclusions thereafter.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/19v9Bps0A9Af6ysIFNrTsLxJ4rdUb011mrt0Zv3QpVUk/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Sep 30, 2021
192: The Christological Impact of Psalm 8 in Hebrews 2
Thursday Sep 30, 2021
Thursday Sep 30, 2021
Although Psalm 8 is cited and alluded to frequently in the New Testament, Biblical Unitarians have only seldom used it in their portrayals of Jesus. This episode looks at Hebrews chapter 2 and its use of Psalm 8 in order to better understand its Christological impact. We discuss the differences between the Hebrew version and the Greek version of Psalm 8, the meaning of the phrase "He made him lower," the importance of God sharing his attributes with a human creature, and the implications of all things being subjected under the human Jesus' feet.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G13L2b06FtmBtCsF2l0wjBuDX4YIS7QYVXZSDyGbxpg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Sep 23, 2021
191: Making Sense of Hebrews 1:10-12
Thursday Sep 23, 2021
Thursday Sep 23, 2021
Hebrews 1:10-12 is one of the most difficult passages for Biblical Unitarians, especially in light of its apparent designation of Jesus as the creator of the heavens and the earth. This episode offers a few suggestions on ways in which the text probably was intended to be understood by the author of Hebrews, focusing specifically on the precise wording of the citation from Psalm 102, the ongoing argument involving Jesus' greatness in comparison with the heavenly angels, Wisdom Christology, and various theological points that are to come up later in the Book of Hebrews.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oLArUII7YSD9PQQqHf35tsjgHw8plZCMgx6Vx7gLJJg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Sep 16, 2021
190: Worshipping the Son in Hebrews 1:6
Thursday Sep 16, 2021
Thursday Sep 16, 2021
Hebrews 1:6 presents some interesting interpretive issues for such a lesser-known passage. We discuss the meaning of the "world" where God led Jesus (and whether this was the first time or the second time this has occurred). We also explore the meaning of "firstborn" in the current argument between Jesus' status and that of the heavenly angels. We also look into how the heavenly realm is framed in terms of the inheritance associated with the age to come in the theology of Hebrews. Lastly, we attempt to find the original source of the quotation cited and understand the significance of angels offering worship to Jesus when they formerly worshipped God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JAFRwS2XoL8zUo2kFpCBtEPh9ToY4ofqwAp3rb_zY4k/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Sep 09, 2021
189: The Coronation of the Son in Hebrews 1:5
Thursday Sep 09, 2021
Thursday Sep 09, 2021
Hebrews 1:5 cites two passages from the Old Testament that both speak about God becoming the Father of the Son. Some have interpreted these passages in light of the argument in the Book of Hebrews to refer to Jesus' birth, where Jesus came into existence. Others have suggested that these quotations are referring to Jesus' baptism or even his resurrection/exaltation. This episode discusses the merits of each interpretation and suggests a solution that hopefully flows well with the argument made in Hebrews thus far.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MvITm7_aK9CEE1uKWBj_FkUsM3Y_XrkhTENl3aHNSxk/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Sep 02, 2021
188: Does the Book of Hebrews Depict Jesus as God’s Wisdom?
Thursday Sep 02, 2021
Thursday Sep 02, 2021
In this episode, we explore whether the author of the Book of Hebrews teaches Wisdom Christology in the opening three verses. We give an honest listen to what other scholars are saying about this possibility, we interact with modern objections, we look at the evidence for allusions to personified wisdom, and discuss the possibility of typology as the probable relationship between wisdom and Jesus.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ipnVvURfsP6Gg8Tpy9nHYi29up0eXW20JQGCSfpspAU/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 26, 2021
187: God and Jesus in the Book of Hebrews
Thursday Aug 26, 2021
Thursday Aug 26, 2021
As we begin our study of the Book of Hebrews, we need to identify the main actors--God and Jesus. This episode looks at the person of God, his roles, and the ways in which he interacts with his creation. We also look at Jesus, the various ways he is described, and the difficult passages involving him. Lastly, we explore how God and Jesus interact and are distinguished throughout the Book of Hebrews.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jHPgyheHWPkq0iiw5Y0CSELidJ3_D_Qsh7S-eRtN69c/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 19, 2021
186: The Johannine Comma of 1 John 5:7-8
Thursday Aug 19, 2021
Thursday Aug 19, 2021
This episode explores the history, language, and persons involved in the transmission of the Johannine Comma, which is the textual corruption of 1 John 5:7-8 that mentions the oneness of the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit. The facts presented are organized into ten points.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c0vNA1PVxu3jZHMgb2v5waBIeTmCV9ta9I_aCtukfQ4/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 12, 2021
185: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - (Part 4 of 4)
Thursday Aug 12, 2021
Thursday Aug 12, 2021
As we wrap up our study of Pauline Yahweh texts for Jesus, we look at 1 Cor 10:26, 2 Cor 3:16-17, and the future "day of the Lord." David Capes, a leading scholar in the field of early high Christology, argues that these passages clearly indicate that Jesus is the referent to OT Yahweh texts. This episode looks closely at each of these passages, their OT counterparts, and suggests that Dr Capes is mistaken in these particular instances. I also offer five reflections from studying OT Yahweh texts for Jesus in light of Paul's scriptural habits.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10KZxi6d_BIhmR7bHh2ITgp2Gq59TG4dK5ETK9CSPsZM/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 05, 2021
184: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - (Part 3 of 4)
Thursday Aug 05, 2021
Thursday Aug 05, 2021
As we continue to understand how Paul uses OT Yahweh passages for Jesus, we note that Paul cites Jer. 9:24 in both 1 Cor. 1:31 and 2 Cor. 10:17. Yet Paul's intent does not seem Christological in either instance. Furthermore, we explore Paul's quotation of Isa. 40:13 for both the Father and for Jesus (allegedly). While it is ultimately concluded that Paul does occasionally cite Yahweh passages for Jesus, the intent does not seem to be for readers to think of Jesus as Yahweh himself.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sdVW7BG0OPdTi4nhnutXq06nvKterQFroj15hge-qSw/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 29, 2021
183: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - Part 2
Thursday Jul 29, 2021
Thursday Jul 29, 2021
This week's episode continues to explore the ways in which Paul cites OT Yahweh passages for Christ (and for God). We note that Paul is flexible with some of his quotations, demonstrating that the original referent in the OT citation can come to have a new referent in Paul's letters. We also explore a passage that David Capes, a leading scholar in the field of early high Christology, argues is a OT Yahweh passage used for Jesus. Lastly, we consider how Paul justifies citing Isaiah 45:23 for God in Romans and for Jesus in Philippians.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bQcJFyJtwTy6HC8-48_0_kLbCqpBhuK5-Wl3lOxAJAE/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 22, 2021
182: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - Part 1
Thursday Jul 22, 2021
Thursday Jul 22, 2021
In this episode, we begin exploring how the Apostle Paul used OT YHWH texts for both God and for Jesus. We note how Philippians 2 indicates that God has shared the divine name with the risen and exalted Jesus. We also see another passage referring to Jesus' lordship that indicates that he possesses the shared divine name, which Paul indicates with a YHWH citation from the Old Testament. Lastly, we look at the arguments and conclusions of a prominent scholar who sees Paul's use of YHWH texts for Jesus as evidence of early high Christology.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pqYOUdOOAv8nIcmISQoVgAyyAPJ1zwHVZWwwLyRRk-o/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 15, 2021
181: OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - An Introduction
Thursday Jul 15, 2021
Thursday Jul 15, 2021
The New Testament authors felt comfortable using Yahweh texts from the Hebrew Bible for the human Jesus. Some scholars have concluded that this data indicates that the NT authors identified Jesus as Yahweh, but this is problematic for many reasons. This episode will introduce the concept of OT Yahweh passages used in the NT for Jesus, looking at some examples as well as some helpful parallels in second temple Judaism. We conclude by using Mark 1:3--which cites Isaiah 40:3 for Jesus--as a test case suggesting that Jesus is the authorized and empowered agent of Yahweh.
Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s7Mm0AKD9dTkqSGu3wrmmnCkpqIcvNyopGSl_io69eg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 08, 2021
180: Making Sense of Titus 2:13
Thursday Jul 08, 2021
Thursday Jul 08, 2021
This episode closely studies Titus 2:13--a passage that is often used to suggest Jesus Christ is called "God." Titus 2:13 is a well-known ambiguous passage when it comes to the Greek, and it is certainly possible that Jesus is distinguished from the great God (i.e., the Father). This episode will look at both interpretations, examine the strengths of their arguments, and offer a nuanced reading that takes into account the overlooked reference to God's glory.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jKmwF_BsIfujsjV5FNX9UJR65w17mkJHwdKoZh688Zg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 01, 2021
179: The Logos and Targum Neofiti
Thursday Jul 01, 2021
Thursday Jul 01, 2021
In this episode, we explore how the concept of God's "word" (Aramaic: "memra") is used in Targum Neofiti. After surveying the four ways in which this Aramaic Targum interprets the activity of the God of Israel in light of his word/memra, we turn to the prologue of John's Gospel (John 1:1-18) in order to see how the context created by Neofiti's use of word/memra helps us better understand God and his Logos.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/18CWkJ59IuYqtt0fu_HWIUVUEQsHVV7V9oojqPc8Ht_8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 24, 2021
178: The Logos and Targum Onkelos
Thursday Jun 24, 2021
Thursday Jun 24, 2021
This episode explores how the "Word of God" (Aramaic: "memra") was used to explain the activity of the God of Israel in the Jewish Targum Onkelos. After organizing the various ways that Onkelos understands and uses the "memra" of God in the Torah, we look at John 1:1-18 to see if our reading of that passage is illuminated by the Jewish context created by Targum Onkelos. We conclude that the memra of God in Targum Onkelos is not a preexisting, conscious person alongside the God of Israel.
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Thursday Jun 17, 2021
177: Sacrifices and the Christian God (Part 2 of 2)
Thursday Jun 17, 2021
Thursday Jun 17, 2021
In this episode, we continue exploring how early Christians understood Jesus functioning within sacrificial terminology that was reserved for God alone. The Book of Hebrews has a lot to say about Jesus as a high priest and as one who sacrificially offered himself to the one God. We also look at Paul's theology of the death of Jesus to see how the cross is understood in terms of a sin offering. Lastly, we explore the Lord's Supper--the Eucharist--to better understand how this meal was practiced in terms of remembering and even participating in Jesus' sacrifice to God.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/15GoI-0DWbTZga7bf_Yzd_eHbUlYJViadtGArfI9h5A0/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 10, 2021
176: Sacrifices and the Christian God (Part 1)
Thursday Jun 10, 2021
Thursday Jun 10, 2021
In this episode, we explore the function of sacrifices in the Ancient Near East, particularly in the ways they were differentiated from acts of worship and bowing down. Since the gods were understood to be the intended object of the offering of sacrifices and burnt offerings, we are able to examine early Christian "sacrificial" language to see whom they regarded as the true object. We note in our survey that God alone is the object of Christian "sacrifice" language, never Jesus Christ, while Jesus is sometimes the agent through whom sacrifices are made to the one God.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CAoPPx0skTINJtqutW2bQ-lf54YnmdlYJUrsftJpZd0/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 03, 2021
175: Was Jesus a Monotheist?
Thursday Jun 03, 2021
Thursday Jun 03, 2021
In this episode, we explore a 2004 article written by James Dunn on whether Jesus Christ was a Jewish monotheist. Dunn argues from Jesus' pious upbringing, his teachings within the gospel accounts, and the lasting impact upon his earliest followers that Jesus was, in fact, an adherer to monotheism.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VX7cCy_OyUDcJAGjTMmTSk49LcaOxcLlY39-MDeCQ_A/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 27, 2021
174: Maranatha and the Earliest Christology of the Church
Thursday May 27, 2021
Thursday May 27, 2021
In this episode, we explore the often overlooked meaning of the phrase Maranatha, which is an Aramaic expression meaning "Our Lord, Come!" We look into the significance of Paul using this phrase without translating it into Greek for his Greek-speaking audience. We also explore the arguably earliest Aramaic targums to see how the noun mar ("Lord") was used to determining whether Maranatha could refer to Jesus as Yahweh. In the end, we conclude that mar is not a way in which the divine name was reproduced in the Aramaic targums, while mar did refer to human masters and superiors.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qRvdWN_nAGCQbGDj54AP8Uza5zz5MWN_hf989rtzNDo/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 20, 2021
173: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 15)
Thursday May 20, 2021
Thursday May 20, 2021
In the final episode dealing with Mark's Christology, we look at the events surrounding the crucifixion of Jesus. First, we explore the significance of a concentration of "King of the Jews" references in Mark chapter 15, asking why it is that Mark has waited until Jesus' death to associate this royal title with Jesus. Next, we look at Jesus' citation of Psalm 22 in calling God "My God" and discern a noteworthy literary strategy that draws influence from the original psalm. Lastly, we look at the confession of the Gentile centurion--who calls Jesus the human Son of God--and we explore the significance of this admission for Mark's narrative purposes.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1raIy7qsk1TbZ2_ITVkphseHQ5DtFKsaENKAUQdiRRwI/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 13, 2021
172: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 14)
Thursday May 13, 2021
Thursday May 13, 2021
In the final days before Jesus' death on the cross, Mark's narrative continues to unpack what it means to be the Son of God. In this episode, we explore the often-overlooked passage where Jesus is anointed with a costly perfume, which arguably furthers Mark's agenda of redefining the meaning of Son of God to include notions of one who dies for the people. Next, we look closely at Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane to better understand the relationship between the Son and the one called "Abba." Lastly, we break down the details in the trial of Jesus, make sense of the connection between the temple and the Son of God, and explain why the charge of blasphemy had nothing to do with a claim to divinity.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12NgPS8CarYcgopNA2ZXuFx9BuepRduX2rg5j0WABxrg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 06, 2021
171: The Son is Not Omniscient (Mark 13:32)
Thursday May 06, 2021
Thursday May 06, 2021
In this episode, we will devote all our attention to Mark 13:32, where Jesus claims his ignorance regarding the exact dating of the Son of Man's coming. Only the Father knows this crucial date. We examine the implications of this admission by Jesus for Mark's Christology and consider if high views of Jesus fit with the conclusions of this verse. We also survey early Christian interpreters of Mark 13:32 to note the various ways they regarded the passage. Lastly, we conclude by observing a unanimous consensus among modern critical scholars on the plain meaning of Mark 13:32.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RSjo9qrYP0n4asbMTQsGAsGub8i9pwynXpH2Vzw0Xc0/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Apr 29, 2021
170: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 12)
Thursday Apr 29, 2021
Thursday Apr 29, 2021
Mark chapter 12 offers much data regarding monotheism, Christology, and Jesus' relationship to God. In this episode, we first explore the Parable of the Wicked Tenants, where Jesus is sent by God and God is portrayed in an interesting manner. Second, we look closely at how Jesus defined the Jewish God, and in doing so, expresses his commitment to unitary monotheism. Lastly, we explore how to make sense of Jesus' statement that the son of David is also the exalted Lord alongside God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kgvcTKGuBMtWZFvVHaCxQgjrGhwIxzyejsjgKiFo2zg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Apr 22, 2021
169: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 11)
Thursday Apr 22, 2021
Thursday Apr 22, 2021
Jesus' entry into Jerusalem entails noteworthy stories regarding his authority and relationship to God. In this episode, we first examine the parodying nature of the triumphal entry and focus on the Christological understanding of the crowds witnessing the event. Second, we look closely at Jesus' actions within the temple and his words towards the new temple community consisting of the disciples. Finally, we explore the nature of the questions from the temple leadership towards Jesus regarding the nature of his authority and from whom he received it.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rlb5p55rcSzylNkwGRDWNZMM2xRAfNIfRsyRZ_CtX5Y/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Apr 15, 2021
168: No One is Good Except God Alone (Mark 10)
Thursday Apr 15, 2021
Thursday Apr 15, 2021
This episode focuses entirely on the initial dialogue between the rich young ruler and Jesus, where Jesus plainly deflects the good compliment and claims instead that no one is good but God alone. While this basic statement made by Jesus clearly suggests that he is not the good God, this has not stopped an army of internet apologists from trying to find ways to get the text to say that Jesus really is the good God. We also look at what modern critical scholars on the Gospel of Mark have to say about this passage and we take note of what appears to be a consensus interpretation among them.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kvxKSxPU9OimHLf9c2VhE09GyLuDy6AOFvD5-gDaxg4/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Apr 08, 2021
167: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapter 9)
Thursday Apr 08, 2021
Thursday Apr 08, 2021
This episode looks at the portrayals of Jesus within Mark chapter 9. We first explore the account of the Transfiguration to see if we should conclude that Jesus is either divine or a prophet like Moses. We then turn to look at predictions of the suffering Son of Man and ask what this means and where the Old Testament speaks of the suffering of the Son of Man. Lastly, we explore what Mark possibly had in mind when he said that Jesus has been sent by God, asking if this "sending" language implies preexistence. We test out all of the high christological interpretations of these passages and come to the conclusion that Jesus is the highly authorized human agent of God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17Q9fKnZGBPuNHhBwhVprf_H57hLdidJ-VFogtVw45tk/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Apr 01, 2021
166: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 7-8)
Thursday Apr 01, 2021
Thursday Apr 01, 2021
Mark is able to tell us about his high Christology by using healing stories of Jesus. We first look at the exorcism of the daughter of the Syrophoenician woman, who offers worship to Jesus and calls him "Lord." We then look at the first of two two-stage healing stories to see how Mark frames miracles by involving multiple steps. Just as the first stage of healing was not enough to fully restore sight to the blind man, the first confession by Peter is not enough to fully understand Mark's Christology. We lastly note that Peter, like the blind man, was in need of healing with his faulty understanding of Jesus' messianic role. After all is said and done, we marvel that Mark has repeatedly portrayed Jesus as a highly authorized human agent of the true God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yL2kBCob3huNB_99odFTWJr39WA7PR26roTh2koOMbA/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 25, 2021
165: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapter 6)
Thursday Mar 25, 2021
Thursday Mar 25, 2021
This episode explores the Christology portrayed in Mark chapter six. We first look at Jesus' hometown rejection, where he outright claims to be a prophetic figure. Next, we examine Jesus' claim to be the shepherd of the sheep. Third, we ask about the Christological portrayal of Jesus when he miraculously divides the loaves and the fish. Lastly, we ask what sort of thing is Jesus saying when he speaks of himself as he walks on the water. It is concluded that Mark depicted Jesus in chapter six as a highly authorized and empowered human agent of God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LIWKZ74CTnd1zRknOwLvqq0urvZdwzkU7_-vC_1TeKM/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 18, 2021
164: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 4-5)
Thursday Mar 18, 2021
Thursday Mar 18, 2021
As we continue to work through the high christological statements in the Gospel of Mark, we come across three fascinating stories. First, Jesus demonstrates authority over the wind and the seas, something regularly attributed to Yahweh. Second, Jesus receives worship from the demonized man. Lastly, Jesus calls himself "the Lord." This episode explores how these exalted things describing Jesus make the most sense as pertaining to one who is authorized and empowered by God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s_3yu_bADx4dsWSMbgvZRZlzNP4xt9fVqIufNCRAPE0/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 11, 2021
163: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 2-3)
Thursday Mar 11, 2021
Thursday Mar 11, 2021
As we continue our study in the Gospel of Mark in order to better understand the highest and most exalted things said of Jesus, we come across some interesting passages. Jesus claims to be the Lord of the Sabbath. Jesus also renames disciples and commissions them in ministry. Furthermore, Jesus redefines the family structure. And yet, Jesus performs all these feats while remaining a human being, a highly authorized agent of God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/14IMj1qfg4JgswEjL8k3q203roXQtmgV-xCY71V_55R8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 04, 2021
162: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 1-2)
Thursday Mar 04, 2021
Thursday Mar 04, 2021
Too often, interpreters interested in Christology gravitate to their favorite verses while ignoring passages used by their opponents. This episode begins a study that looks at Mark's Gospel to wrestle with the most difficult things it has to say for the Biblical Unitarian position. We focus on the highest, most exalted claims of Jesus. The goal is to better understand and become more comfortable with all that the Gospel of Mark teaches about Jesus.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iUWL5D014NYqIS6Bpo9N2KoHthSdrESMeBaLr7FS3rk/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Feb 25, 2021
161: The Hallelujah Hymn in Revelation 19
Thursday Feb 25, 2021
Thursday Feb 25, 2021
The hymn of worship in Revelation 19 is the only occurrence where the proper name of God, Yahweh, is brought forth into the New Testament within the phrase "Hallelujah." This episode explores this hymn to see what it says about Yahweh, his worshippers, and his righteous acts. We also explore the implications for monotheism as we look at how Yahweh is portrayed in this hymn.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y-x1C1eH9RQIkTJTT13u1up-wiZ7QmlcOwlIfQlgohw/edit?usp=sharing
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