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Although Psalm 8 is cited and alluded to frequently in the New Testament, Biblical Unitarians have only seldom used it in their portrayals of Jesus. This episode looks at Hebrews chapter 2 and its use of Psalm 8 in order to better understand its Christological impact. We discuss the differences between the Hebrew version and the Greek version of Psalm 8, the meaning of the phrase "He made him lower," the importance of God sharing his attributes with a human creature, and the implications of all things being subjected under the human Jesus' feet.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G13L2b06FtmBtCsF2l0wjBuDX4YIS7QYVXZSDyGbxpg/edit?usp=sharing  
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Hebrews 1:10-12 is one of the most difficult passages for Biblical Unitarians, especially in light of its apparent designation of Jesus as the creator of the heavens and the earth. This episode offers a few suggestions on ways in which the text probably was intended to be understood by the author of Hebrews, focusing specifically on the precise wording of the citation from Psalm 102, the ongoing argument involving Jesus' greatness in comparison with the heavenly angels, Wisdom Christology, and various theological points that are to come up later in the Book of Hebrews.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oLArUII7YSD9PQQqHf35tsjgHw8plZCMgx6Vx7gLJJg/edit?usp=sharing  
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Hebrews 1:6 presents some interesting interpretive issues for such a lesser-known passage. We discuss the meaning of the "world" where God led Jesus (and whether this was the first time or the second time this has occurred). We also explore the meaning of "firstborn" in the current argument between Jesus' status and that of the heavenly angels. We also look into how the heavenly realm is framed in terms of the inheritance associated with the age to come in the theology of Hebrews. Lastly, we attempt to find the original source of the quotation cited and understand the significance of angels offering worship to Jesus when they formerly worshipped God. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JAFRwS2XoL8zUo2kFpCBtEPh9ToY4ofqwAp3rb_zY4k/edit?usp=sharing 
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Hebrews 1:5 cites two passages from the Old Testament that both speak about God becoming the Father of the Son. Some have interpreted these passages in light of the argument in the Book of Hebrews to refer to Jesus' birth, where Jesus came into existence. Others have suggested that these quotations are referring to Jesus' baptism or even his resurrection/exaltation. This episode discusses the merits of each interpretation and suggests a solution that hopefully flows well with the argument made in Hebrews thus far.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MvITm7_aK9CEE1uKWBj_FkUsM3Y_XrkhTENl3aHNSxk/edit?usp=sharing 
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In this episode, we explore whether the author of the Book of Hebrews teaches Wisdom Christology in the opening three verses. We give an honest listen to what other scholars are saying about this possibility, we interact with modern objections, we look at the evidence for allusions to personified wisdom, and discuss the possibility of typology as the probable relationship between wisdom and Jesus.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ipnVvURfsP6Gg8Tpy9nHYi29up0eXW20JQGCSfpspAU/edit?usp=sharing 
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As we begin our study of the Book of Hebrews, we need to identify the main actors--God and Jesus. This episode looks at the person of God, his roles, and the ways in which he interacts with his creation. We also look at Jesus, the various ways he is described, and the difficult passages involving him. Lastly, we explore how God and Jesus interact and are distinguished throughout the Book of Hebrews. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jHPgyheHWPkq0iiw5Y0CSELidJ3_D_Qsh7S-eRtN69c/edit?usp=sharing 
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This episode explores the history, language, and persons involved in the transmission of the Johannine Comma, which is the textual corruption of 1 John 5:7-8 that mentions the oneness of the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit. The facts presented are organized into ten points.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c0vNA1PVxu3jZHMgb2v5waBIeTmCV9ta9I_aCtukfQ4/edit?usp=sharing       
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As we wrap up our study of Pauline Yahweh texts for Jesus, we look at 1 Cor 10:26, 2 Cor 3:16-17, and the future "day of the Lord." David Capes, a leading scholar in the field of early high Christology, argues that these passages clearly indicate that Jesus is the referent to OT Yahweh texts. This episode looks closely at each of these passages, their OT counterparts, and suggests that Dr Capes is mistaken in these particular instances. I also offer five reflections from studying OT Yahweh texts for Jesus in light of Paul's scriptural habits.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10KZxi6d_BIhmR7bHh2ITgp2Gq59TG4dK5ETK9CSPsZM/edit?usp=sharing       
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As we continue to understand how Paul uses OT Yahweh passages for Jesus, we note that Paul cites Jer. 9:24 in both 1 Cor. 1:31 and 2 Cor. 10:17. Yet Paul's intent does not seem Christological in either instance. Furthermore, we explore Paul's quotation of Isa. 40:13 for both the Father and for Jesus (allegedly). While it is ultimately concluded that Paul does occasionally cite Yahweh passages for Jesus, the intent does not seem to be for readers to think of Jesus as Yahweh himself. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sdVW7BG0OPdTi4nhnutXq06nvKterQFroj15hge-qSw/edit?usp=sharing       
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This week's episode continues to explore the ways in which Paul cites OT Yahweh passages for Christ (and for God). We note that Paul is flexible with some of his quotations, demonstrating that the original referent in the OT citation can come to have a new referent in Paul's letters. We also explore a passage that David Capes, a leading scholar in the field of early high Christology, argues is a OT Yahweh passage used for Jesus. Lastly, we consider how Paul justifies citing Isaiah 45:23 for God in Romans and for Jesus in Philippians.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bQcJFyJtwTy6HC8-48_0_kLbCqpBhuK5-Wl3lOxAJAE/edit?usp=sharing      
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In this episode, we begin exploring how the Apostle Paul used OT YHWH texts for both God and for Jesus. We note how Philippians 2 indicates that God has shared the divine name with the risen and exalted Jesus. We also see another passage referring to Jesus' lordship that indicates that he possesses the shared divine name, which Paul indicates with a YHWH citation from the Old Testament. Lastly, we look at the arguments and conclusions of a prominent scholar who sees Paul's use of YHWH texts for Jesus as evidence of early high Christology.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pqYOUdOOAv8nIcmISQoVgAyyAPJ1zwHVZWwwLyRRk-o/edit?usp=sharing     
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The New Testament authors felt comfortable using Yahweh texts from the Hebrew Bible for the human Jesus. Some scholars have concluded that this data indicates that the NT authors identified Jesus as Yahweh, but this is problematic for many reasons. This episode will introduce the concept of OT Yahweh passages used in the NT for Jesus, looking at some examples as well as some helpful parallels in second temple Judaism. We conclude by using Mark 1:3--which cites Isaiah 40:3 for Jesus--as a test case suggesting that Jesus is the authorized and empowered agent of Yahweh.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s7Mm0AKD9dTkqSGu3wrmmnCkpqIcvNyopGSl_io69eg/edit?usp=sharing    
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This episode closely studies Titus 2:13--a passage that is often used to suggest Jesus Christ is called "God." Titus 2:13 is a well-known ambiguous passage when it comes to the Greek, and it is certainly possible that Jesus is distinguished from the great God (i.e., the Father). This episode will look at both interpretations, examine the strengths of their arguments, and offer a nuanced reading that takes into account the overlooked reference to God's glory. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jKmwF_BsIfujsjV5FNX9UJR65w17mkJHwdKoZh688Zg/edit?usp=sharing   
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In this episode, we explore how the concept of God's "word" (Aramaic: "memra") is used in Targum Neofiti. After surveying the four ways in which this Aramaic Targum interprets the activity of the God of Israel in light of his word/memra, we turn to the prologue of John's Gospel (John 1:1-18) in order to see how the context created by Neofiti's use of word/memra helps us better understand God and his Logos. 
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/18CWkJ59IuYqtt0fu_HWIUVUEQsHVV7V9oojqPc8Ht_8/edit?usp=sharing  
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This episode explores how the "Word of God" (Aramaic: "memra") was used to explain the activity of the God of Israel in the Jewish Targum Onkelos. After organizing the various ways that Onkelos understands and uses the "memra" of God in the Torah, we look at John 1:1-18 to see if our reading of that passage is illuminated by the Jewish context created by Targum Onkelos. We conclude that the memra of God in Targum Onkelos is not a preexisting, conscious person alongside the God of Israel.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P-Z6PmGg_Sp8uSUVMzw3Pt6SjWDaAC15jTG3ltHYK_g/edit?usp=sharing 
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