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A weekly podcast examining what the Bible says about the oneness and unity of God and about the humanity of Jesus Christ.
Episodes
Thursday Apr 11, 2024
Thursday Apr 11, 2024
Did the Apostle Paul teach something resembling the heresy of Two Powers in Heaven that the later Jewish rabbis rejected? This episode interacts with Alan Segal's interpretation of three key Pauline texts where Paul may (or may not) be guilty of promoting Jesus as the second power in heaven. After dialoguing with Segal's reading of Paul, we offer a summary of what Paul did in fact teach about God's oneness, Jesus' humanity, and Jesus' subordination to the one God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GdBLzHlL36PcJ4pmIWkl50-o1A9OkZ_1Sj8FoQL674g/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Apr 04, 2024
Thursday Apr 04, 2024
Did Philo, the first-century Jew, believe and teach that there were actually two Gods in heaven? What does Philo mean when he talks about the "two powers" of God? This week's episode explores the complex theology of this prolific first-century theologian in order to better understand how Jewish monotheism was conveyed through the lens of a Middle Platonist. We interact with Alan Segal's book Two Powers in Heaven and assess his conclusions about the early dating of this heretical view.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cWnICjTFbMk674tOuoVtgRO5vMZB7IL3dxk5aT27Xbc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 28, 2024
Thursday Mar 28, 2024
The seminal work by Alan Segal, Two Powers in Heaven, has made a demonstrable impact on how interpreters understand Jewish monotheism and early Christian views of the exalted Jesus. This episode introduces the topic of the Two Powers heresy. We examine three passages from rabbinical literature in order to better understand this peculiar heresy, who might have been promoting it, and what sort of passages were being cited in support of it. We also look closely at the Jewish scriptural response to the Two Powers heresy.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ejoUTkkmn_47ldylksMsmXVH1KnFxpdA7B-V2cl0b1Q/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 21, 2024
Thursday Mar 21, 2024
This episode interacts with a recently published article in the journal Novum Testamentum 66 (2024) entitled "Jesus’s Solidarity with Human Mortality and Perfection of Sonship in the Epistle to the Hebrews." The author draws attention to an overlooked argument in Hebrews, specifically in the manner in which the mortality of Jesus--the son of God--is set in parallel to the mortality of the original recipients of Hebrews. Both the son of God and the readers have joy set before them, submit to righteous behavior, and are promised an exalted inheritance for doing so. I discuss the findings of this article and show how they strengthen the Biblical Unitarian faith.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TMcE1-z5aDvpGQ2emgXU7FgLi3cxlIioLvDwonGtXqA/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 14, 2024
Thursday Mar 14, 2024
Deuteronomy 18:22 indicates that a presumptuous prophet is not to be feared. How does the theme of fear relate to those who hear Jesus’ prophetic preaching in the Gospel of John? Is Jesus feared, and if not, who is feared, and for what reason? Instead of ignoring Jesus as a presumably false prophet, why do some criticize him and his hometown anyway? And how are those who call for Jesus to be put to death for speaking presumptuously portrayed when it comes to their pious practices towards the God of Israel? This episode explores these overlooked topics in the Gospel of John.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Jp1dHeFpEAqkZ8QHS2Ju6UFNopzs1opwyWz31RUnIsQ/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Mar 07, 2024
Thursday Mar 07, 2024
If Deut. 18:21-22 gives a litmus test to determine the legitimacy of a prophet's status, how does the Gospel of John frame the portrayal of Jesus in a manner that both anticipates this test and answers it? This week's episode demonstrates how Jesus' status as the prophet like Moses in whom Yahweh has placed his words is true. By examining the testimony of John the Baptist, the emphasis on the fulfillment of the Hebrew Bible, the things said by Jesus that come true, and the ironic statements by Caiaphas and Pilate, we discern that Jesus is the promised Jewish messiah, not a messianic pretender.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/11pYCT1y3-iXmhpJuQ8eLl5Y6tUgGxY-4ybIWDsMiLOc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Feb 29, 2024
Thursday Feb 29, 2024
Although the Gospel of John paints a thorough picture of Jesus as the prophet like Moses (Deut. 18:15-19), many of those who rejected Jesus regarded him as a false prophet who spoke presumptuously in the name of Yahweh (Deut. 18:20). This episode traces the many ways in which the narrative of the Gospel of John is framed around the warning in Deut 18:20, focusing specifically on what Jesus said that led so many to consider him a messianic pretender, resulting in being put to death.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/158SBZImXkF8j7R7omiKbgav-nDLuSXYrVKMH4IUeZWc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Feb 22, 2024
Thursday Feb 22, 2024
In our ongoing series that seeks to understand how Deut. 18:15-22 has shaped the depiction of Jesus in the Gospel of John, we focus this week on 18:19. This passage threatens the judgment of God upon those who do not heed the prophet in whom Yahweh has placed his authoritative words and commands. We demonstrate three ways in which those who refuse to listen to the prophet Jesus are called to account in the Fourth Gospel.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZyoIvLB0GvZ06PMpdQbGF694ugS3wD0vUYLB2CsdXoA/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Feb 15, 2024
Thursday Feb 15, 2024
As we continue our deep dive into the many ways that the Gospel of John displays Jesus as the prophet like Moses from Deut. 18:15-22, we focus this week on how Jesus speaks all that Yahweh has commanded him. We give attention to the insistence that Jesus' words are actually his Father's words spoken through him, the portrayal of Jesus as the agent who comes in the name of his Father, and the authority bound up in Jesus' name (which his followers can utilize).
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jQ2bI-4FV_4vcwXEicWOm-wfBbceXjgBFnR1jf8LbTg/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Feb 08, 2024
Thursday Feb 08, 2024
As we continue our exploration into the many ways that Deut. 18:15-22 has shaped the christological portrayal of Jesus in the Gospel of John, we focus this week on the phrase "I will put my words in his mouth" from Deut. 18:18a. We note the frequency in which Jesus openly admits that his words are not his own, rather they belong to the God who commissioned him. We also look at several witnesses in the Gospel of John who attest to Jesus' prophetic activity. Lastly, we observe how those who accept Jesus the prophet are also accepting the one who sent him as his agent.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uSLmVLfmAqo4eipQKce749Mn_np5-58Fbz0L5-kbn3U/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Feb 01, 2024
Thursday Feb 01, 2024
This week's episode continues exploring how the Gospel of John portrays Jesus as the prophet mentioned in Deut 18:15-22. Having already observed how Moses anticipates the Johannine Jesus, how Jesus is explicitly described with the title "Prophet," and the insistence that Jesus is a fellow human member of the people of Israel, we can turn our attention to the second half of Deut 18:15 where people are commanded to listen to this prophetic figure. This episode explores the many ways in which the readers of John are encouraged to listen to and obey Jesus, the prophet like Moses, in fulfillment of Deut 18:15b.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HJCSaRdQxoNU3ofBOnEGhS7F7xsLYpU1temXcAFdoJk/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 25, 2024
Thursday Jan 25, 2024
This week’s episode begins our exploration of the many ways in which the Gospel of John draws upon Deut. 18:15-22 in order to portray Jesus as the prophet like Moses. First, we note how Jesus is frequently introduced as a figure like Moses in John. Second, we take note of the motif where the crowds discover that Jesus is ”the prophet.” Third, we observe how the Johannine Jesus fulfills the requirement of being a member of Moses’ Israelite countrymen--a human being who is a member of Israel.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZFf33EpDaD-jo2RY2GUvrvlNmTp_G3n1hDixxCTbdR8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 18, 2024
Thursday Jan 18, 2024
The Didache is an early collection of the teachings of Jesus, aimed at making disciples. This week's episode will explore what the Didachist--the author of the Didache--taught about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We explore the ways in which the Didache portrays the relationship between God and Jesus, as well as the meaning of the baptismal reference from the end of Matthew.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hCuuj9uzTUv9fE6ko6KywDS75VpbDfGMebvk94rEtqY/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 11, 2024
Thursday Jan 11, 2024
Clement of Rome is a very important witness to the character of early Christianity, particularly because he is the earliest extrabiblical Christian author whose writings have survived. What did Clement of Rome believe and teach about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? This episode combs the Greek text of 1 Clement in order to provide answers to these very important questions.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FeXIrQJgRH3dgR13vzCNM3PZjvk39Flrv1OGOOtBf4E/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jan 04, 2024
Thursday Jan 04, 2024
Most translations describe the Lamb of God as the "Root of David" in the Book of Revelation. A root, however, is something that comes before the tree. Does the title "Root of David" prove that Jesus preexisted David? This episode explores this overlooked title and attempts to make sense of what John the Revelator intended to convey to his original audience.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ipy6FKttDKE2IEF8A0VFs97GFiCONXKK0eN9LD3We7g/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 28, 2023
Thursday Dec 28, 2023
Did Jesus have to be Yahweh, the God of Israel, in order for his death to completely deal with the sins of all humanity? Many have been led to believe so, but what does the New Testament teach? This episode explores the intersection of christology and atonement taught by eight different authors of the New Testament to determine if only God could atone for the transgressions of the human race on the cross.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FjUQPsRTWrwvHKl-qClOvgAxunPAK6CANV6OPI0g31w/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 21, 2023
Thursday Dec 21, 2023
Is the figure described as "Son of Man" in the extra-biblical book of 1 Enoch the same Son of Man we read about in the New Testament gospels? This episode explores 1 Enoch and its portrayal of the "Son of Man" to ascertain its relation to Jesus' favorite title.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D9zBQIKrTLSVysJQ0lALJQjEele_lvTiBziB_SHkGWw/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 14, 2023
Thursday Dec 14, 2023
What truths about the birth of Jesus Christ are most commonly left out of nativity scenes, Christmas plays, and Advent sermons? This week's episode explores five important truths concerning the Son of God that pastors only interested in talking about the incarnation regularly ignore. Each of these biblical truths discussed in this episode is inconsistent with the doctrine of the literal preexistence of Jesus.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FenM4s-qU6d36n_wNouJT4YPP0AjaCgL__fl-93iutU/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Dec 07, 2023
Thursday Dec 07, 2023
In this week's episode, we listen to the recent paper I presented on the origins of the doctrine of incarnation within the forms of Judaisms that predated Christianity. We carefully examine the Book of Proverbs, the deuterocanonical book of Sirach, the Qumran scroll labeled 1Q20, and the works of Philo, noting how each author illustrates God's personified wisdom as becoming flesh in the lives of noteworthy human beings. It is then demonstrated that the Prologue of the Gospel of John shows dependence upon this Jewish tradition by portraying the Logos--the conceptual synonym of Wisdom--as becoming flesh in the human Jesus. Since the wisdom of God was a personification and not a conscious female person, this collection of data argues against the literal preexistence of Jesus within the Prologue of the Gospel of John.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z1GRsGBroT2QukrWyA7yKHvQymaSCOTnIf2IlplFR_k/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 30, 2023
Thursday Nov 30, 2023
Were the opponents of 1 John Jews who gave up their confession of Jesus being the Jewish messiah, perhaps to rejoin the local synagogue? This week's episode explores this possibility. We look at the arguments in favor of the secessionists in 1 John being Jews as well as the arguments against this interpretation.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Nub7ZJcf1QInCdHJuUP7_skfnYyyf1uekq791ehP3PY/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 23, 2023
Thursday Nov 23, 2023
Was the significance of Jesus' humanity under attack by the opponents in 1 John? This episode looks at the arguments of two prominent scholars who make this case. We first look at Raymond Brown, who proposes a high christology that didn't value very much the assumed humanity of Jesus. We also hear the reconstruction of Urban Von Wahlde, who suggests that the opponents ignored the importance of the human Jesus' accomplishments because they possessed the (far more valuable) Spirit of God. After hearing these two reconstructions, we look at the weaknesses of their arguments in an attempt to evaluate their merits.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O1tqeRYsPW1QXYR64qkxtWzxVFtQ3G_WeeEJtewnodU/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 16, 2023
Thursday Nov 16, 2023
Is 1 John written to combat the heresies of Cerinthus, the heretic of the late first century CE? This week's episode examines the arguments in favor of 1 John being written against Cerinthus and his followers--those who taught that the human Jesus was a different person from the divine Christ who descended upon Jesus as his baptism, only to separate from him right before his death. After hearing the scholarly arguments favoring Cerinthian opponents of 1 John, we listen to the arguments against this historical reconstruction. Ultimately, you the listener can decide which side makes the most convincing case.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iJ0MGM5jv0wZzQn5SUpAbIryR42x3rOJPV1ePC3zxr0/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 09, 2023
Thursday Nov 09, 2023
Are the opponents of 1 John docetic Christians, namely, those who taught that Jesus only seemed to be a human being who suffered and died? This week's episode looks at the evidence in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as docetists. After defining the term and reading several examples of what believers in docetism taught, we listen to the critiques that some scholars have brought forth against interpreting the opponents as docetists. In the end, you the listener get to decide which side of the debate wins.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10Hgwj9r5F2e1IJPbRBFScdPLSZQtLstekr5BxYjiy1c/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Nov 02, 2023
Thursday Nov 02, 2023
Were the secessionists in 1 John Gnostics? This episode looks at the arguments in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as adherents to Gnosticism. We also look at the arguments against identifying the opponents as Gnostics. In the end, you the listener can decide which side gives the most persuasive case.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OOKRkCGhkQvF02PXWJfB1_6BLhZ8UuDyaoX1OV1JsfE/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 26, 2023
Thursday Oct 26, 2023
What is the identity of the opponents mentioned in 1 John? Answer: we are not entirely sure. This week's episode introduces 1 John and the ways in which the author corrects the christology of the opponents. We discuss the three passages that scholars have pointed to in their attempts to determine the identity and beliefs of the opponents. We also briefly sketch out the various proposals for who the opponents might be. Lastly, we discuss how we will carry out our ongoing study of these opponents in the following episodes in our attempt to understand what 1 John has to say about Jesus, the Son of God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1F7tVNngMMcFDPf05Svhcfp6f_UP3_T1Zk0CDhPtG-pE/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 19, 2023
Thursday Oct 19, 2023
What is Gnosticism and who were the Gnostic Christians? While some listeners might have a vague idea of what beliefs define Gnostics, this episode dives deep into the problems with attempts to summarize their teachings. We focus on Ptolemy (student of Valentinus), Justin the Gnostic, and the Apocryphon of John. We also offer some alternative ways to characterize these varied Christian sects.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iMIYv1YIpLuPmr6Fx0m27ZUbQ5QhLzB1JRN6v5mfTks/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 12, 2023
Thursday Oct 12, 2023
Could human beings in Judaism and early Christianity say the phrase "I am he" and mean something other than "I am Yahweh, the only true God of Israel?" This episode explores ten human figures who said, in various languages, "I am he." In each instance, it is clear and self-evident that these speakers were making ordinary, casual, self-referential claims. Furthermore, there is no indication that others regarded these speakers as having committed blasphemy.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GE69Jl6irG-YGNIQKSqS0qjTzhJsCD0znNli3pU2h5M/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Oct 05, 2023
Thursday Oct 05, 2023
This episode examines the meaning of the phrase "I am He" (Greek: "ego eimi") in John chapters 9-21. Within these five instances, four belong to Jesus and one belongs to a blind beggar, which brings some nuance to our study. Is the person who says "I am He" claiming to be the only true God within the Gospel of John? Or are there better answers based on the available evidence and context? This week's episode aims to answer these important questions.
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Thursday Sep 28, 2023
Thursday Sep 28, 2023
In John chapter 8, Jesus makes the claim "I am He" four times, with the final claim resulting in the Jews attempting to stone him to death. This week's episode will closely examine the dialogue between Jesus and the Jews in order to better understand what he meant by the claim "I am He" (Greek: ego eimi). Is Jesus claiming in this chapter to be Yahweh, the only true God, or is he claiming to be God's authorized messianic agent, the son of God?
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Thursday Sep 21, 2023
Thursday Sep 21, 2023
This week's episode begins looking through all the occurrences of "ego eimi" ("I am He") within the Fourth Gospel, the Gospel according to John. After noting how the narrative regularly distinguishes God and Jesus as two separate beings, we examine the first four instances of "ego eimi," two of which are uttered by John the Baptist and two by Jesus himself. The results indicate that Jesus was not claiming to identify as Yahweh, the only true God. Instead, Jesus' use of "I am He" indicated that he was the Messiah and that the phrase was also a casual, self-designation.
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Thursday Sep 14, 2023
Thursday Sep 14, 2023
In this week's episode, we explore every single occurrence of the phrase "I am he" (Greek: "ego eimi") in the Gospel of Luke in order to see if any of the speakers who utter the phrase are making a claim to be Yahweh, the God of Israel. We also explore the many ways in which the Lukan Jesus is distinguished from God in ways that never suggest that the two figures have collapsed into a single being.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1COq9uqnwOh_v9mE8Xepdq5br1uiP9QwS-PGiP28jFzo/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Sep 07, 2023
Thursday Sep 07, 2023
This week's episode examines all the instances of people saying "I am He" in the Gospel according to Matthew. We note that Jesus makes this self-declaration (Greek: "ego eimi") twice and each of his disciples also utters the phrase. Do those who say "I am He" mean that they are identifying as Yahweh, the God of Israel? Or is the claim a casual, self-reference that has nothing to do with what God means when he claims the title for himself? This episode breaks down all the data.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qPJ0TAt-4NDh13VYcMdESSscldDfZc-cPombxwBzDK8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 31, 2023
Thursday Aug 31, 2023
This week's episode examines all the occurrences within the Gospel of Mark where Jesus says "I am he" (Greek: "ego eimi"). We begin by examining whether the narrator distinguishes God and Jesus or whether the two are collapsed into a single being. From there, we set each of the instances where the Markan Jesus declares "I am he" in its context in order to see whether he is claiming to be Yahweh, the God of Israel.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1plERMqGLvzLdyLZUCjqeJypY_1BGQsVZUnNIAtI9PbI/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 24, 2023
Thursday Aug 24, 2023
What did Jews think of the phrase “I am he” and how was it used in normal, everyday life? This episode lays out the context for upcoming studies of the four NT Gospels by exploring how the phrase “I am he” was understood, both as a self-declaration of Yahweh to be the only true God and as an increasingly casual self-designation in dialogues between learned Jewish rabbis.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ovkK8iFQYJ1Ts-aLMb4xOY1O8f-jD7a35UbKnG3_ZyM/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 17, 2023
Thursday Aug 17, 2023
As we continue our study of Yahweh's famous self-declaration "I am He," we turn to examine the phrase in the Book of Isaiah. This episode will look closely at eight Isaiah passages to better understand what Yahweh means when he repeatedly claims to be "I am He." We also look at how the Jews rendered these Isaiah passages into the Greek of the LXX in order to learn from their translation choices and what they say about God as a single person.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XnIbFJX4WZ1gjxNeOQFag5Po5DAe08IfKpocKCV7pNs/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 10, 2023
Thursday Aug 10, 2023
What does Yahweh mean when he claims the self-designation "I am he" within the Hebrew Bible? This episode begins a series that aims to explore what the phrase "I am he" means on the lips of Yahweh in order that we might better make sense of what Jesus means when he makes a similar declaration. We examine the first-person reference ("I am he") as well as evidence for the second-person designation ("You are he") before drawing conclusions on the nature of their exclusivity.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1odD1dTmOqTtCc6GxfB8lLK53wviU7kYds2QdVVpYSdU/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Aug 03, 2023
Thursday Aug 03, 2023
In Revelation 1:4-5, we encounter our last attempt at the supposedly-biblical Triune God being referenced in the Bible. However, there is a problem with the designation "seven spirits who are before his throne." While some interpreters desperately argue that this is actually a reference to the Holy Spirit, the evidence suggests that these are seven angels. We examine the Book of Revelation anyways to see what it says about God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Gt6M3mjudt32v0utRZfJ99hRUpJJKdj99adGHJIEw_c/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 27, 2023
Thursday Jul 27, 2023
Within the small Epistle of Jude, there exists another triadic passage (Jude 1:20-21). However, this passage actually speaks about God, Jesus, and the Spirit--not quite the definition of the triune God eager interpreters often seek. This episode explores what Jude had to say about God, Jesus, and the Spirit. We even briefly touch on the controversial verses like 1:4 and 1:5.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nbh1HeB62PjcrxDNT9KzalsS00D-d1weUXm2X53RuWI/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 20, 2023
Thursday Jul 20, 2023
The opening sentence of 1 Peter mentions the Father, Son, and Spirit together. Is this an implicit declaration of the doctrine of the Trinity or is the Father the God of Jesus? This week's episode explores this triadic statement by placing it in its context to determine what 1 Peter has to say about God, Jesus, and the Spirit. We observe that the Father alone is God, Jesus is the highly exalted human messiah, and the Spirit is God's sanctifying gift to believers.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SOEb7XPp5NZjwHZRIbgZlGLR3V76vdWOeO66cw8n8K8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 13, 2023
Thursday Jul 13, 2023
Hebrews 9:14 contains another triadic reference to God, Jesus, and the Spirit. Is this evidence of the doctrine of the Trinity? We examine this passage and observe that it actually speaks about Jesus offering himself to the one true God in sacrificial terms, mediated by God's Spirit. We also explore how this triadic passage fit within the theology of the Book of Hebrews as a whole.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L6aBSBK5qtXUQyGbaWcmiTorrANoFBXDz9z5G-jeWXs/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jul 06, 2023
Thursday Jul 06, 2023
In this week's episode, we explore the prayer language in Ephesians involving the Father, Son, and Spirit. Is this prayer a subtle reference to the triune God or is the God addressed here the Father alone--the God of Jesus? We explore Ephesians and discover that the latter option is true.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D99FMw4WElzqH10bRdf1diw3ofz4uPh9Lapy_6Mfvnc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 29, 2023
Thursday Jun 29, 2023
In this week's episode, we explore what Paul means in the triadic mention of God, the Son, and the Spirit in Gal. 4:4-6. Is this a reference to the triune God or is Paul reaffirming his Jewish monotheistic stance? We strive to set Gal. 4:4-6 within the context of the Letter to the Galatians in order to responsibly and charitably interpret what Paul meant for his original readers to understand with his theology and christology.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tNUv0IQBAlYIF9l1CaZ6hr7rKry_INkw1YFmun1r4oc/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 22, 2023
Thursday Jun 22, 2023
This week's episode explores the triad present in the final verse of 2 Corinthians. Since the triad does not fit the Trinity's own definition of God and the three persons, we explore what Paul has to say about God, Jesus, and the Spirit throughout the epistle in order to set the final verse responsibly in its overall context.
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12m36qpoEkTrEK90cew16aFy3hlnMmMD8lZDiymLT938/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 15, 2023
Thursday Jun 15, 2023
Our study of the triad passages within the New Testament leads us to 1 Cor. 12:4-6, where the Apostle Paul speaks of the same Spirit, the same Lord, and the same God. While some eager interpreters jump on this reference and claim that Paul was teaching the Trinity to the Corinthians, this episode argues that the meaning of the passage is far more nuanced. Paul instead clearly indicates that God is the Father alone, Jesus is the subordinate human son, and the Spirit is the extended presence and power of the one God.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1odkdnHLDWc0ab4YvselxBNKBfyuOlFCJG8uHe4ePiA8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 08, 2023
Thursday Jun 08, 2023
As we continue to explore the various "triads" in the New Testament, we come across Romans 15:30 in this week's episode. What does Paul mean with this call to prayer involving God, Jesus, and the Spirit? Is Paul teaching that the Romans should pray to the Triune God or is there something else going on here? This episode explores this triad and aims to set it in its context within the Book of Romans.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VNB3cQr1ZgggEl6nOW1skg_HTNBc-Bp7NFhPPx5i1IM/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday Jun 01, 2023
Thursday Jun 01, 2023
Instead of explaining away or casting doubt on the reference to the Father, Son, and Spirit in Matt. 28:19, why not strive to understand what it does mean? This week's episode begins a new series that aims to explore the triadic formulas in the New Testament, beginning with the Great Commission. We consider that the Gospel of Matthew teaches about God, the Son, and the Spirit before drawing conclusions concerning the triadic reference at the end of the book.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rwbyYycbBUJFnJqaSSOMzfLKr8ITQ6r9Yh1ak0Q6G34/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 25, 2023
Thursday May 25, 2023
This week's episode surveys six NT authors in order to see what sort of preexistence they attribute to Jesus. Do these authors (the four Evangelists, Paul, 1 Peter) regard Jesus as having existed in the plans and purposes of God? What about preexisting as personified wisdom/word? Can a NT author believe both of these things without contradiction? Is there any evidence that these authors regarded Jesus as having literally preexisted his birth? These are the sort of questions this episode encourages interpreters to ask as we nuance the topic of preexistence to take into account all of its possible meanings.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Osz9orl2sU4SoAZPLVHNChaYevKppnhEi2hptUlINrk/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 18, 2023
Thursday May 18, 2023
This week's episode explores how Jews described the concept of preexistence. We note that "preexistence" is not a single concept, but rather we observe from several Jewish texts that preexistence can mean three different ideas: preexisting in God's plans, preexisting as a personified attribute (e.g., word and wisdom), and literally preexisting. This study aims to encourage interpreters to think more critically about the way we talk about preexistence, rather than to assume that it only refers to a single defined concept.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tVqk107QDYkFkaWMjqXJZJrIPt-sPwM4Uahkw71AHQ8/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 11, 2023
Thursday May 11, 2023
Did Jesus Christ preexist as a rock? In this week's episode, we explain what Paul means in 1 Cor. 10:4 by first identifying the wisdom Christology in his letter. We then turn to place his discussion of the nourishment-giving rock in its Hellenistic Jewish context. Lastly, we charitably interpret the way in which Paul describes Jesus before he was born (i.e., typology). As we come to better understand and grasp Paul's wisdom Christology, we can discern that the attributes and characteristics of God's personified wisdom are now deployed to illustrate Jesus Christ--the human embodiment of God's wisdom.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fqW0pjUHfyJByOmb69p-tf7Xp44gVj_BD4tDH5q9sMI/edit?usp=sharing
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Thursday May 04, 2023
Thursday May 04, 2023
This week's episode gives another listen to our recent debate's closing statements. If you do not have time to listen to the debate in its entirety, my closing statement summarizes what took place, the strengths of our position, the inadequate attempts by our dialogue partners to address our key points, the weaknesses of their position, and a call to the audience to seek the more logical of the two options presented.
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iaL6-6Z93ArEr5hgvxCGbe4WtaECE1aswE_901HxuvM/edit?usp=sharing
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