The Biblical Unitarian Podcast

This episode explores the Burden-of-Proof fallacy, which occurs when someone attempts to make an argument by shifting the responsibility of disproving a claim to the dialogue partner, rather than offering evidence and data to support the initial claim. We discuss how this fallacy keeps popping up in discussions about the Trinity and the deity of Christ. Finally, we offer five helpful tips to argue more effectively without falling prey to the Burden-of-Proof fallacy. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-OTQyH7VOSIg_SEGZLgOkYu4IAGX0NbwDIAkJUK7MkI/edit?usp=sharing    

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The fallacy of the False Dichotomy frequently occurs in debates about Christology and the Trinity. This fallacy is defined as an argument that offers only two extreme choices, while simultaneously ignoring any other reasonable alternatives. This week's episode explores how the false dichotomy fallacy appears in modern culture before examining its common appearances in christological debates. Finally, we discuss various tips to help avoid falling prey to committing false dichotomies. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tcOMnB15QGYQ9lsBrg3zUAyb6RkK-jTa4iMuUCdKVUY/edit?usp=sharing   

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This week's episode explores the logical fallacy of begging the question. This fallacy occurs when the premise is assumed in the conclusion, without offering any evidence or data to prove the conclusion. We examine common instances of begging the question in the culture and debates about Christology. Finally, we provide several tips to avoid falling prey to this fallacious form of argumentation.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1idd_nrBrPDcRUz9Vg4WdVih8jwe23S8WVCioIaEk_AY/edit?usp=sharing  

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This week's episode examines the Anecdotal fallacy, which occurs when someone draws on personal experience or an isolated piece of evidence while neglecting the larger body of data on a subject. We discuss examples of this fallacy being committed, both in common practice and in discussions about God, Christ, and the history of the Trinity. Lastly, we offer several concrete ways to avoid using anecdotal evidence in your own research.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UTuL792dAIC60wCWgB4ceqjRdBCMLxNC5KGbwIeET3Y/edit?usp=sharing  

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This week's episode examines the "No True Scotsman" fallacy, which commonly occurs in debates about christology, the deity of Christ, and the Trinity. We define the fallacy, show examples of it regularly appearing in biblical debates, and demonstrate why it is fallacious. Finally, we offer five tips to help our listeners avoid committing this logical fallacy, thereby improving the consistency of arguments and exchanges with others who think differently.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s0SeS5fLceu85WUYInfE8arhUCNopUcWX623ozPWbdE/edit?usp=sharing  

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The logical fallacy "Appeal to Authority" occurs when someone points to the opinion of an expert, scholar, or institution without considering the merits of their argument. This week's episode helps readers identify when this fallacy takes place, especially in arguments about God, Christology, and the origins of the Trinity. We also discuss the difference between this fallacy and the consensus arrived at by modern scholars. Lastly, we offer several tips to avoid falling prey to this fallacy. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ohzUleDlhdBM9ciwQUzHuPdnPuGqHSN7WTWeH3yhwQM/edit?usp=sharing  

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This episode explores the Bandwagon Fallacy, which occurs when someone points to the popularity of a belief, issue, or person to the exclusion of evidence, reason, or logical arguments. We point to some of the most common expressions of the Bandwagon Fallacy, especially those used to argue for the Trinity. We also differentiate between the fallacy and a scholarly consensus, discussing why the two should not be confused. Lastly, we offer several tips to avoid committing the Bandwagon Fallacy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12I1lr90ha3dTTlS7GHz--8C-1-ix7qbG59VpgkJz0Rg/edit?usp=sharing 

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In debates and discussions about the Trinity and the identity of God, the fallacy of special pleading (or "moving the goalposts") often occurs. This fallacy takes place when one person changes the conditions or definition of their original argument when a counter-argument has met the original conditions, resulting in the original claim being moved farther away in order to avoid admitting the strength of the counter-argument. This week's episode offers several examples of the case of special pleading in debates about God and Christ, shows why they are unhelpful in having charitable conversations, and offers tips on avoiding this common logical fallacy.

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This week's episode begins a new series that examines common logical fallacies used in debates about God and Christ. The Straw Man fallacy occurs when one misrepresents, either intentionally or unintentionally, the argument of their opponent in a manner that makes it easier to knock down. This results in the actual argument getting ignored and the discussion stalling. We discuss common straw man fallacies that occur in christological debates and offer several tips to avoid committing this fallacy with others. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TfmlJBe7mP7sdDddqEOoC-XISLDIchK-V0aJG8GrrJg/edit?usp=sharing         

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Having given sufficient attention to the Jewish Principle of Agency in the previous seven episodes, we can now turn and examine the role of agent that John the Baptist played in the four New Testament gospel accounts. This episode explores the many ways in which John the Baptist functioned as an authoritative agent of the God of Israel, including the fulfillment of scripture, offering forgiveness apart from the temple, and anticipating the soon-to-come Messiah.  

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1owy9dnd-Ao_avZMrEBSiW8b61pCpURsZERs0JV275rw/edit?usp=sharing        

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As we bring our study of the Jewish Principle of Agency to a close, we take the opportunity to examine the sixth and final tenet, a commissioned agent can authorize his or her own agents. After looking at the Jewish context and some examples of this tenet, we turn to the Gospel of John to better understand why Jesus, the agent of God, commissioned forth further agents. These agents include the original disciples, the Spirit, and the ideal readers of the Gospel of John. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1irkTiIamHLH5iBii8PKRDJV3dcXPEeHUzGKHA1ojs1g/edit?usp=sharing       

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According to the Jewish Principle of Agency, upon completion of his or her mission, the agent needed to return to the sender. This episode explores how Jesus functions as the agent of God in light of the context of this particular tenet, especially as it relates to the bodily ascension of Jesus. We consider why the Gospel of John has the most references to the ascension of Jesus, while also examining Jesus as the embodiment of God's personified word and wisdom. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mu2oEzrdCS-fJjN0E1jf7zLyJlRoyei0y59lqygQWr0/edit?usp=sharing       

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As we examine the fourth tenet of the Jewish Principle of Agency, we discover that the relationship between the principal and the agent requires an obedient posture. The one who is sent must obey the will of the sender, honoring the mission at the expense of his own interests. After situating this tenet in its Jewish context, we turn to the Gospel of John to witness several ways in which Jesus willingly obeys the mission for which God has sent him. The Johannine Jesus is not coequal with God. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YJlZShQUv6lNJ4aSqIueKkUId4NbXWeW7mluqNpXT7I/edit?usp=sharing      

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This week's episode explores the tenet in the Jewish Principle of Agency that recognizes the subordinate status of the agent (shaliach) of the sender (principal). We discuss the different agents that the true God uses in Scripture and their qualifications, and we even talk about who the most qualified agents were known to be. Lastly, we examine the Gospel of John's portrayal of Jesus as the human agent of the only true God to see how this subordination functioned. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ga1Qv--x4Q7VkvcwXCi0usMD_8HK9TSfErglDRDMbg4/edit?usp=sharing     

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As we continue our series on the Jewish Principle of Agency, we explore in this episode the ways in which the commissioned agent carried out the judicial roles and responsibilities of his sender. We look closely at how human judges function as agents of God, to the point where they are even called "God." Then, we dive into the Old Testament and New Testament to survey how human agents share in God's judicial role as the cosmic judge of all the earth.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_JxZQ4WUp-K-0MEfHJo54qpAj3S2r4xPeN4jb0on4HM/edit?usp=sharing     

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The first tenet of the Jewish Principle of Agency is that the agent fully represents the sender. This episode examines the evidence for this concept within the Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah, the Babylonian Talmud, and the New Testament. We also explore some of the most noteworthy agents of Yahweh in the Bible, including heavenly angels, prophets, kings, judges, and Jesus himself.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g4l-esnQ20JiKA6C5yevs_ILyoR7PA3QYzT1QZe80o4/edit?usp=sharing      

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Scholars have long noted the similarities between the regular depiction of God sending prophets, messengers, and even the Messiah, with the Jewish principle of agency. This episode introduces the Jewish principle of agency and offers an overview of its six major tenets. Over the next six episodes, we will examine evidence for each of the tenets of Jewish understandings of agency within the biblical texts of Scripture. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hoRJQsrQyC3QTwa7GyR3aERseGUds9xWdvmDW3405N4/edit?usp=sharing     

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My book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John, is now available. In this week's episode, I talk about why I wrote it, how I organized the material, and what you can expect in each chapter. If you are on the fence about buying it, or if you want to know more about how I organized the material, then this episode is for you.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BN9iXLjcDgqb8e-emPVynXv1gfZwGMmnilLR-1iUZb8/edit?usp=sharing    

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As we continue working through Alan Segal's arguments in favor of early Christian views of the Two Powers in Heaven heresy, we come to the Gospel of John. We explore the texts that Segal points to as evidence for the belief in Two Powers. In doing so, we interact with his arguments, weigh them for persuasiveness, and consider some of the much-needed evidence concerning monotheism that Segal conveniently neglects from his assessment of the Gospel of John. The resulting assessment is that the Gospel of John attests to a Christian view of monotheism that is in essential agreement with Judaism. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1otkm2mSPe5_CpnMHvnLJiU-qFIhVs8BoqqQ18GMXmcc/edit?usp=sharing   

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Did the Apostle Paul teach something resembling the heresy of Two Powers in Heaven that the later Jewish rabbis rejected? This episode interacts with Alan Segal's interpretation of three key Pauline texts where Paul may (or may not) be guilty of promoting Jesus as the second power in heaven. After dialoguing with Segal's reading of Paul, we offer a summary of what Paul did in fact teach about God's oneness, Jesus' humanity, and Jesus' subordination to the one God. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GdBLzHlL36PcJ4pmIWkl50-o1A9OkZ_1Sj8FoQL674g/edit?usp=sharing  

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Did Philo, the first-century Jew, believe and teach that there were actually two Gods in heaven? What does Philo mean when he talks about the "two powers" of God? This week's episode explores the complex theology of this prolific first-century theologian in order to better understand how Jewish monotheism was conveyed through the lens of a Middle Platonist. We interact with Alan Segal's book Two Powers in Heaven and assess his conclusions about the early dating of this heretical view.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cWnICjTFbMk674tOuoVtgRO5vMZB7IL3dxk5aT27Xbc/edit?usp=sharing 

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The seminal work by Alan Segal, Two Powers in Heaven, has made a demonstrable impact on how interpreters understand Jewish monotheism and early Christian views of the exalted Jesus. This episode introduces the topic of the Two Powers heresy. We examine three passages from rabbinical literature in order to better understand this peculiar heresy, who might have been promoting it, and what sort of passages were being cited in support of it. We also look closely at the Jewish scriptural response to the Two Powers heresy. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ejoUTkkmn_47ldylksMsmXVH1KnFxpdA7B-V2cl0b1Q/edit?usp=sharing    

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This episode interacts with a recently published article in the journal Novum Testamentum 66 (2024) entitled "Jesus’s Solidarity with Human Mortality and Perfection of Sonship in the Epistle to the Hebrews." The author draws attention to an overlooked argument in Hebrews, specifically in the manner in which the mortality of Jesus--the son of God--is set in parallel to the mortality of the original recipients of Hebrews. Both the son of God and the readers have joy set before them, submit to righteous behavior, and are promised an exalted inheritance for doing so. I discuss the findings of this article and show how they strengthen the Biblical Unitarian faith.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TMcE1-z5aDvpGQ2emgXU7FgLi3cxlIioLvDwonGtXqA/edit?usp=sharing   

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Deuteronomy 18:22 indicates that a presumptuous prophet is not to be feared. How does the theme of fear relate to those who hear Jesus’ prophetic preaching in the Gospel of John? Is Jesus feared, and if not, who is feared, and for what reason? Instead of ignoring Jesus as a presumably false prophet, why do some criticize him and his hometown anyway? And how are those who call for Jesus to be put to death for speaking presumptuously portrayed when it comes to their pious practices towards the God of Israel? This episode explores these overlooked topics in the Gospel of John.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Jp1dHeFpEAqkZ8QHS2Ju6UFNopzs1opwyWz31RUnIsQ/edit?usp=sharing  

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If Deut. 18:21-22 gives a litmus test to determine the legitimacy of a prophet's status, how does the Gospel of John frame the portrayal of Jesus in a manner that both anticipates this test and answers it? This week's episode demonstrates how Jesus' status as the prophet like Moses in whom Yahweh has placed his words is true. By examining the testimony of John the Baptist, the emphasis on the fulfillment of the Hebrew Bible, the things said by Jesus that come true, and the ironic statements by Caiaphas and Pilate, we discern that Jesus is the promised Jewish messiah, not a messianic pretender.  

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11pYCT1y3-iXmhpJuQ8eLl5Y6tUgGxY-4ybIWDsMiLOc/edit?usp=sharing 

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Although the Gospel of John paints a thorough picture of Jesus as the prophet like Moses (Deut. 18:15-19), many of those who rejected Jesus regarded him as a false prophet who spoke presumptuously in the name of Yahweh (Deut. 18:20). This episode traces the many ways in which the narrative of the Gospel of John is framed around the warning in Deut 18:20, focusing specifically on what Jesus said that led so many to consider him a messianic pretender, resulting in being put to death.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/158SBZImXkF8j7R7omiKbgav-nDLuSXYrVKMH4IUeZWc/edit?usp=sharing                    

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In our ongoing series that seeks to understand how Deut. 18:15-22 has shaped the depiction of Jesus in the Gospel of John, we focus this week on 18:19. This passage threatens the judgment of God upon those who do not heed the prophet in whom Yahweh has placed his authoritative words and commands. We demonstrate three ways in which those who refuse to listen to the prophet Jesus are called to account in the Fourth Gospel. 

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZyoIvLB0GvZ06PMpdQbGF694ugS3wD0vUYLB2CsdXoA/edit?usp=sharing                   

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As we continue our deep dive into the many ways that the Gospel of John displays Jesus as the prophet like Moses from Deut. 18:15-22, we focus this week on how Jesus speaks all that Yahweh has commanded him. We give attention to the insistence that Jesus' words are actually his Father's words spoken through him, the portrayal of Jesus as the agent who comes in the name of his Father, and the authority bound up in Jesus' name (which his followers can utilize).

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jQ2bI-4FV_4vcwXEicWOm-wfBbceXjgBFnR1jf8LbTg/edit?usp=sharing                  

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As we continue our exploration into the many ways that Deut. 18:15-22 has shaped the christological portrayal of Jesus in the Gospel of John, we focus this week on the phrase "I will put my words in his mouth" from Deut. 18:18a. We note the frequency in which Jesus openly admits that his words are not his own, rather they belong to the God who commissioned him. We also look at several witnesses in the Gospel of John who attest to Jesus' prophetic activity. Lastly, we observe how those who accept Jesus the prophet are also accepting the one who sent him as his agent. 

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This week's episode continues exploring how the Gospel of John portrays Jesus as the prophet mentioned in Deut 18:15-22. Having already observed how Moses anticipates the Johannine Jesus, how Jesus is explicitly described with the title "Prophet," and the insistence that Jesus is a fellow human member of the people of Israel, we can turn our attention to the second half of Deut 18:15 where people are commanded to listen to this prophetic figure. This episode explores the many ways in which the readers of John are encouraged to listen to and obey Jesus, the prophet like Moses, in fulfillment of Deut 18:15b.  

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This week’s episode begins our exploration of the many ways in which the Gospel of John draws upon Deut. 18:15-22 in order to portray Jesus as the prophet like Moses. First, we note how Jesus is frequently introduced as a figure like Moses in John. Second, we take note of the motif where the crowds discover that Jesus is ”the prophet.” Third, we observe how the Johannine Jesus fulfills the requirement of being a member of Moses’ Israelite countrymen--a human being who is a member of Israel.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZFf33EpDaD-jo2RY2GUvrvlNmTp_G3n1hDixxCTbdR8/edit?usp=sharing              

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The Didache is an early collection of the teachings of Jesus, aimed at making disciples. This week's episode will explore what the Didachist--the author of the Didache--taught about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We explore the ways in which the Didache portrays the relationship between God and Jesus, as well as the meaning of the baptismal reference from the end of Matthew.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hCuuj9uzTUv9fE6ko6KywDS75VpbDfGMebvk94rEtqY/edit?usp=sharing             

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Clement of Rome is a very important witness to the character of early Christianity, particularly because he is the earliest extrabiblical Christian author whose writings have survived. What did Clement of Rome believe and teach about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? This episode combs the Greek text of 1 Clement in order to provide answers to these very important questions. 

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FeXIrQJgRH3dgR13vzCNM3PZjvk39Flrv1OGOOtBf4E/edit?usp=sharing            

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Most translations describe the Lamb of God as the "Root of David" in the Book of Revelation. A root, however, is something that comes before the tree. Does the title "Root of David" prove that Jesus preexisted David? This episode explores this overlooked title and attempts to make sense of what John the Revelator intended to convey to his original audience. 

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Did Jesus have to be Yahweh, the God of Israel, in order for his death to completely deal with the sins of all humanity? Many have been led to believe so, but what does the New Testament teach? This episode explores the intersection of christology and atonement taught by eight different authors of the New Testament to determine if only God could atone for the transgressions of the human race on the cross.

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Is the figure described as "Son of Man" in the extra-biblical book of 1 Enoch the same Son of Man we read about in the New Testament gospels? This episode explores 1 Enoch and its portrayal of the "Son of Man" to ascertain its relation to Jesus' favorite title.

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What truths about the birth of Jesus Christ are most commonly left out of nativity scenes, Christmas plays, and Advent sermons? This week's episode explores five important truths concerning the Son of God that pastors only interested in talking about the incarnation regularly ignore. Each of these biblical truths discussed in this episode is inconsistent with the doctrine of the literal preexistence of Jesus. 

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In this week's episode, we listen to the recent paper I presented on the origins of the doctrine of incarnation within the forms of Judaisms that predated Christianity. We carefully examine the Book of Proverbs, the deuterocanonical book of Sirach, the Qumran scroll labeled 1Q20, and the works of Philo, noting how each author illustrates God's personified wisdom as becoming flesh in the lives of noteworthy human beings. It is then demonstrated that the Prologue of the Gospel of John shows dependence upon this Jewish tradition by portraying the Logos--the conceptual synonym of Wisdom--as becoming flesh in the human Jesus. Since the wisdom of God was a personification and not a conscious female person, this collection of data argues against the literal preexistence of Jesus within the Prologue of the Gospel of John.

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Were the opponents of 1 John Jews who gave up their confession of Jesus being the Jewish messiah, perhaps to rejoin the local synagogue? This week's episode explores this possibility. We look at the arguments in favor of the secessionists in 1 John being Jews as well as the arguments against this interpretation.

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Was the significance of Jesus' humanity under attack by the opponents in 1 John? This episode looks at the arguments of two prominent scholars who make this case. We first look at Raymond Brown, who proposes a high christology that didn't value very much the assumed humanity of Jesus. We also hear the reconstruction of Urban Von Wahlde, who suggests that the opponents ignored the importance of the human Jesus' accomplishments because they possessed the (far more valuable) Spirit of God. After hearing these two reconstructions, we look at the weaknesses of their arguments in an attempt to evaluate their merits. 

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Is 1 John written to combat the heresies of Cerinthus, the heretic of the late first century CE? This week's episode examines the arguments in favor of 1 John being written against Cerinthus and his followers--those who taught that the human Jesus was a different person from the divine Christ who descended upon Jesus as his baptism, only to separate from him right before his death. After hearing the scholarly arguments favoring Cerinthian opponents of 1 John, we listen to the arguments against this historical reconstruction. Ultimately, you the listener can decide which side makes the most convincing case.

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Are the opponents of 1 John docetic Christians, namely, those who taught that Jesus only seemed to be a human being who suffered and died? This week's episode looks at the evidence in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as docetists. After defining the term and reading several examples of what believers in docetism taught, we listen to the critiques that some scholars have brought forth against interpreting the opponents as docetists. In the end, you the listener get to decide which side of the debate wins.

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Were the secessionists in 1 John Gnostics? This episode looks at the arguments in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as adherents to Gnosticism. We also look at the arguments against identifying the opponents as Gnostics. In the end, you the listener can decide which side gives the most persuasive case.

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What is the identity of the opponents mentioned in 1 John? Answer: we are not entirely sure. This week's episode introduces 1 John and the ways in which the author corrects the christology of the opponents. We discuss the three passages that scholars have pointed to in their attempts to determine the identity and beliefs of the opponents. We also briefly sketch out the various proposals for who the opponents might be. Lastly, we discuss how we will carry out our ongoing study of these opponents in the following episodes in our attempt to understand what 1 John has to say about Jesus, the Son of God.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1F7tVNngMMcFDPf05Svhcfp6f_UP3_T1Zk0CDhPtG-pE/edit?usp=sharing 

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What is Gnosticism and who were the Gnostic Christians? While some listeners might have a vague idea of what beliefs define Gnostics, this episode dives deep into the problems with attempts to summarize their teachings. We focus on Ptolemy (student of Valentinus), Justin the Gnostic, and the Apocryphon of John. We also offer some alternative ways to characterize these varied Christian sects.

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Could human beings in Judaism and early Christianity say the phrase "I am he" and mean something other than "I am Yahweh, the only true God of Israel?" This episode explores ten human figures who said, in various languages, "I am he." In each instance, it is clear and self-evident that these speakers were making ordinary, casual, self-referential claims. Furthermore, there is no indication that others regarded these speakers as having committed blasphemy.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GE69Jl6irG-YGNIQKSqS0qjTzhJsCD0znNli3pU2h5M/edit?usp=sharing      

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This episode examines the meaning of the phrase "I am He" (Greek: "ego eimi") in John chapters 9-21. Within these five instances, four belong to Jesus and one belongs to a blind beggar, which brings some nuance to our study. Is the person who says "I am He" claiming to be the only true God within the Gospel of John? Or are there better answers based on the available evidence and context? This week's episode aims to answer these important questions.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NmQea4nFnQTgmw7x0kVQj4XWLMwwU1s32HPnwZLiqwU/edit?usp=sharing     

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In John chapter 8, Jesus makes the claim "I am He" four times, with the final claim resulting in the Jews attempting to stone him to death. This week's episode will closely examine the dialogue between Jesus and the Jews in order to better understand what he meant by the claim "I am He" (Greek: ego eimi). Is Jesus claiming in this chapter to be Yahweh, the only true God, or is he claiming to be God's authorized messianic agent, the son of God?

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This week's episode begins looking through all the occurrences of "ego eimi" ("I am He") within the Fourth Gospel, the Gospel according to John. After noting how the narrative regularly distinguishes God and Jesus as two separate beings, we examine the first four instances of "ego eimi," two of which are uttered by John the Baptist and two by Jesus himself. The results indicate that Jesus was not claiming to identify as Yahweh, the only true God. Instead, Jesus' use of "I am He" indicated that he was the Messiah and that the phrase was also a casual, self-designation.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G3QLZ7N1hWKrl11Sdluz46UipjSliJTf8ShxdYIwyTo/edit?usp=sharing    

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In this week's episode, we explore every single occurrence of the phrase "I am he" (Greek: "ego eimi") in the Gospel of Luke in order to see if any of the speakers who utter the phrase are making a claim to be Yahweh, the God of Israel. We also explore the many ways in which the Lukan Jesus is distinguished from God in ways that never suggest that the two figures have collapsed into a single being.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1COq9uqnwOh_v9mE8Xepdq5br1uiP9QwS-PGiP28jFzo/edit?usp=sharing   

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